Drawing

Draw draws on the screen in GUI coordinates: (0, 0) is the top left, and the screen is Draw.Width x Draw.Height (the game's window, fullscreen or not). Coordinates are in units of the game's UI scale (Draw.Scale: its camera scale, 2 in a window around 1280x720), so mod UI is the size of the game's and its pixel art as crisp.

Draw from an element's OnDraw (see Screens and elements), from context.DrawGui, which runs every frame in the game's Draw GUI pass, over everything, or from context.DrawHud, with the game's HUD, under its windows (see Layers):

context.DrawGui += () =>
{
    if (!Gm.InGame)
        return;
    Draw.Panel(8, 8, 140, 24);
    Draw.Text(16, 14, $"Turn {Time.Turns}", Draw.White);
};

Drawing outside a draw pass does nothing.

Draw
Panel(x, y, w, h, colour, alpha) The game's menu background with its border.
Frame(x, y, w, h, alpha) The frame of the game's hover windows.
Text(x, y, text, colour, halign, valign, alpha) Text as the game draws it, with a shadow. TextWidth(text).
Text(x, y, text, colour, halign, valign, font, alpha) In one of the game's fonts: GameFont.Default (names, descriptions, the log) or GameFont.Digits (numbers on bars, buttons' text).
PlainText(x, y, text, colour, halign, valign, shadow) Text in the font being drawn with, not the GUI's: a name over a unit in the world, say.
TextWrapped(x, y, text, width, colour) Wrapped at a width. TextHeight(text, width).
Rectangle(x1, y1, x2, y2, colour, alpha, outline) A filled rectangle, or its outline.
Circle(x, y, radius, colour, outline, alpha) A circle, filled or its outline.
Triangle(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, colour, alpha) A filled triangle.
Line(x1, y1, x2, y2, colour, width, alpha) A line.
Sprite(sprite, x, y, ...) A game sprite (Sprite.s_...) or one of yours (int), scaled.
SpritePart(...) Part of a sprite, as the game draws its health bars.
SpriteSliced(sprite, frame, x, y, w, h, cap) Stretched but for its ends (a button).
SpriteNineSlice(sprite, frame, x, y, w, h, borders) 9-sliced to any size (a window frame).
SpriteExt(sprite, frame, x, y, xscale, yscale, angle, colour, alpha) A sprite's frame as GameMaker draws one: scaled, turned, tinted.
SpriteWidth, SpriteHeight, SpriteOrigin A sprite's size in pixels; the point of it drawn at (x, y), as a Point.
SpriteExists, SpriteName Whether a sprite exists; its name.
Colours
Draw.Rgb(r, g, b) A colour (0-255 each), as GameMaker stores them.
Draw.White, Draw.Black
Draw.Muted The game's muted text colour (hover texts, labels).
Draw.PanelColour The game's panel colour.
AlignLeft, AlignCenter, AlignRight, AlignTop, AlignMiddle, AlignBottom For Text's alignment.

To draw in the game world rather than over the screen - next to the player, say - draw in an object's Draw event with a hook. See Hooks.

For the keyboard and the mouse, see Keyboard and mouse.

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